Development and validation of a short form of the geriatric. Anxiety symptoms are pervasive among elderly populations around the world. Items 26 through 30 are used to help clinicians identify areas of concern for the respondent. One important limitation is the lack of a widely accepted instrument to measure dimensional anxiety in both normal old people and old people with mental health problems seen in various settings. The inventory contains 21 selfreport items which individuals complete using multiple choice response formats. This study aimed to examine the convergent validity of both measures as they relate to known risk factors for anxiety and to directly compare the measures.
Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 56, 893897. The aim of this study is to examine psychometric properties reliability, intercorrelations, distribution of scores, analyze the. It is a screening tool rather than a clinical diagnostic inventory, and can be administered either as a selfreport or health professionaladministered measure. Development of the geriatric anxiety inventory gai. Beck anxiety inventory below is a list of common symptoms of anxiety. The gas, beck anxiety inventory bai, geriatric anxiety inventory gai, beck depression inventory, second edition bdiii, and geriatric depression scale gds were administered to 117 communitydwelling, predominantly white, older adults 62% female. A psychometric examination of the geriatric anxiety inventory and geriatric anxiety scale. Australian chinese version of the geriatric depression. The geriatric anxiety scale gas and geriatric anxi. The geriatric anxiety inventory gai is one of most frequently used scales measuring anxiety in older adults in native english speaking countries such as australia, united states, and canada. Clinical cutoffs have been developed that vary across studies due to the small clinical samples used. Until about 10 years ago, geriatric anxiety disorders largely escaped clinicians and researchers attention for a variety of reasons that were specified in the first ajgp special issue.
The geriatric anxiety inventory gai is a 20item scale that measures dimensional anxiety in older people. Psychometric properties of the geriatric anxiety scale uccs. The gas, beck anxiety inventory bai, geriatric anxiety inventory gai, beck depression inventory, second edition bdiii, and geriatric depression scale gds were administered to 117 communitydwelling, predominantly white, older. Lack of a widely accepted instrument to measure dimensional anxiety symptoms in older adults in community settings as well as in a variety of clinical settings was the impetus for the development of the geriatric anxiety inventory or gai pachana et al. While studies suggest good internal consistency and convergent validity, divergent validity from measures of depression are weak. Score of 021 low anxiety score of 2235 moderate anxiety score of 36 and above potentially concerning levels of anxiety references. To address these limitations, some studies have investigated the psychometric properties of anxiety questionnaires in older adults like the abbreviated penn state worry questionnaire pswq and the geriatric anxiety inventory short form gaisf. International psychogeriatrics, 19, 103114 the gai is a 20item questionnaire that health practitioners administer to older patients. The gds long form is a brief, 30item questionnaire in which participants. Finally, just as geriatric mental health researchers in latelife depression have ably characterized the efficacy of established pharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatments, a much smaller literature in latelife anxiety has examined the efficacy of ssri 2 and dual reuptake 3 antidepressants and cognitivebehavioral therapy cbt. Gas, the beck anxiety inventory bai, the geriatric anxiety inventory gai, the patient health questionnaire phq9, and the rand 36item health survey sf36. While there are many instruments available to measure depression, the geriatric depression scale gds, first created by yesavage, et al.
Geriatric depression scale long form cme outfitters. In the validation study of the 20item gai, the cronbachs alpha coefficient was 0. Development and validation of the geriatric anxiety inventory. Pdf geriatric anxiety inventory gai and its short form gaisf. National ageing research institute nari that aimed to investigate the usefulness of the geriatric gds and the geriatric anxiety inventory gai in detecting late life depression and anxiety in communitydwelling older chinese migrants. We are pleased to provide a guest editorial to this 5 th special issue on geriatric anxiety in the american journal of geriatric psychiatry previous issues. Gas10 scoring instructions items 1 through 10 are summed to provide a total score. It has also been translated into several languages including chinese, dutch, finnish, french, norwegian, portuguese, spanish, and thai.
If you are interested in translating the gas into other languages, i would welcome the opportunity to work with you. Anxiety most anxiety disorder start in earlier life, although gad 24. Ii, center for epidemiologic studies depression scale, geriatric depression scale, hospital anxiety and depression scale, and patient health questionnaire. The introduction of the geriatric anxiety inventory and its variations has made an impact on assessment of anxiety research internationally, contributing to the. The gas, beck anxiety inventory bai, geriatric anxiety inventory gai, beck depression inventory, second edition bdiii, and geriatric depression scale gds were administered to 117 communitydwelling, predominantly white, older adults 62.
Geriatric anxiety inventory point anxiety should be considered abnormal and maladaptive in older people. Items 1 through 10 are summed to provide a total score. Geriatric anxiety inventory gai psychological scales. Item response analysis of the geriatric anxiety inventory among the. However while anxiety is very prevalent in older people, dementia is also a common illness in this group and this can lead to mood disorders such as anxiety and depression being overlooked as the symptoms are similar. Australian chinese version of the geriatric depression scale. Below is a list of common symptoms of anxiety or stress. Sanxiety, like kinetic energy, refers to a palpable reaction or process taking place at a given time and level of intensity. Choose the best answer for how you felt over the past week. Anxiety was measured with the 20item geriatric anxiety inventory based on a cutoff of 1011 63, which has been validated to discriminate between those with and without any anxiety disorder. A full bibliography of the gas is available upon request email me at.
Anxiety symptoms and anxiety disorders are highly prevalent among elderly people, although infrequently the subject of systematic research in this age group. Psychometric properties of the geriatric anxiety inventory gai and. One important limitation is the lack of a widely accepted instrument to measure dimensional anxiety in both normal old people and old people with mental health problems seen in various setti. The scoring scale is at the end of the questionnaire.
The geriatric anxiety inventory gai consists of 20 agreedisagree items designed to assess typical common anxiety symptoms. Tanxiety, like potential energy, refers to individual differences in reactions. Item response analysis of the geriatric anxiety inventory. January 2005, august 2007, october 2008, june 2009. Anxiety disorders are among the most common psychiatric disorders in older adults. Answers indicating depression are in bold and italicized. Topics covered include feelings of fearfulness, worry, physical symptoms of anxiety, and concerns about the impacts of worry and anxiety. Geriatric depression scale gds scoring instructions instructions. Convergent validity was determined by comparing the gai against. Score distribution for gas10 n 556 raw t score percentile descriptive category 1 42 21 minimal 2 44 30 minimal 3 46 34 minimal 4 48 45 minimal 5 51 53 minimal.
Psychometric properties of the geriatric anxiety inventory. Neuropsychiatric inventory an overview sciencedirect topics. Treatment of depression and anxiety in the geriatric patient. Many of the previously available measures of adult. Anxiety in later life is a major clinical problem, with notable barriers to accurate assessment. Psychometric properties of the geriatric anxiety scale in. They are not used to calculate the total score of the gas or any subscale. Neuropsychiatric inventory npi the neuropsychiatric inventory is a relatively brief interview with a family member or friend who knows the patient well and can evaluate 12 behavioral areas commonly affected in patients with dementia, including depression box 24.
Psychometric properties of the geriatric anxiety scale. Another anxiety scale for pd patients, the geriatric anxiety inventory gai, was developed and validated matheson et al. A psychometric examination of the geriatric anxiety inventory and geriatric anxiety scale author links open overlay panel christine e. The geriatric anxiety inventory wiley online library. The gai is a 20item measure of anxiety symptoms severity developed for older adults. Geriatric anxiety inventory gai, a brief screening instrument for assessing anxious symptoms in the elderly. The geriatric anxiety scale gas and geriatric anxiety inventory gai represent two elderspecific assessment tools that have recently been developed and validated. The bdi takes approximately 10 minutes to complete. Accordingly, we developed and tested of a short scale to measure anxiety in older people.
Geriatric anxiety inventory gai page 1 uniquest eshop. The geriatric anxiety inventory lack of a widely accepted instrument to measure dimensional anxiety symptoms in older adults in community settings as well as in a variety of clinical settings was the impetus for the development of the geriatric anxiety inventory or gai pachana et al. The geriatric anxiety inventory the gai has been developed and widely used in screening those suffering from severe symptoms. There is a unique set of challenges associated with the assessment of anxiety in late life. The proposed research area is the clinical utility of the hospital anxiety and depression scalehads for assessing both anxiety and depression, the geriatric anxiety inventory gai pachana et.
To further investigate these and a variety of other issues, a valid and reliable measure of anxiety in older people is needed. Geriatric anxiety inventory gai american psychological. Pdf development of the geriatric anxiety inventory gai. How to use 15item screening tool used to identify depression in older adults used with healthy, medically ill and mild to moderately cognitively impaired adults extensively used in community, acute and longterm care settings easy to administer and score same yesno format as the lf takes 57 minutes to administer public domain many languages the gdssf is a subset of 15 questions. Aug 11, 2014 the geriatric anxiety inventory is a 20item geriatric specific measure of anxiety severity. Although debates about its dimensionality have been mostly resolved by molde et al. The measurements of somatic symptoms with the instrument are limited in order to minimize confusion between symptoms common to anxiety and general medical conditions. The geriatric anxiety inventory is a 20item geriatricspecific measure of anxiety severity. Pdf development and validation of the geriatric anxiety inventory. State and trait anxiety are analogous in certain respects to kinetic and potential energy.
Geriatric depression scale long form patients name. The beck depression inventory bdi is widely used to screen for depression and to measure behavioral manifestations and severity of depression. Have you dropped many of your activities and interests. The geriatric anxiety inventory gai and a short form of this instrument gaisf were developed to assess the severity of anxiety symptoms in older adults in order to compensate for. Reasons for developing the test, processes of test. Development and validation of a short form of the geriatric anxiety inventory the gaisf. Indicate how much you have been bothered by that symptom during the past month, including today, by circling the number in the. Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale. Crossnational analysis of the psychometric properties of. Psychometric properties of the geriatric anxiety inventory gai and its shortform gaisf in a clinical and nonclinical sample of older adults. Many instruments have been developed to measure the symptoms, distress. This study explored the convergent and discriminant validity of the geriatric anxiety scale gas, a new measure of anxiety symptoms for older adults. Neuropsychiatric inventory an overview sciencedirect. A sum of these ratings composes a measure of general anxiety symptoms ranged from 0 to 20, with higher scores indicating more anxiety.
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